1/22/2024 0 Comments Dragon quest 11 liquid metal slime![]() ![]() Testing points: can boomerangs still crit or did they revert to VIII mechanics? Guile Method Key test points: are metal slimes still vulnerable to instant death? do falcon weapons still allows their second hit to proc weapon skills? do LMDaggers exist? Do Assassin's Needles exist (insta-death proc weapon)? Boomerang Method Untested, think the second weapon only does one hit? Testing: do LMGreatswords exist? Sword Mastery MethodĤ hits, chance to do 1 damage per hit, low crit rate (1-2)x2 damage, boosted crit chance on skillĤ0% chance of insta-kill untested whether metal slime were changed to be death immune as of XI I'm using the Battle Mechanics FAQ by KuuzokuOuGlider on Gamefaqs, and I have not personally finished the game, so please forgive any translation/info mistakes. Outside of Erik's Critical Acclaim, nobody can crit on command, so other characters/builds will have to try and combine as many strategies as possible to take these metal slimes down. The most reliable ways of killing metal slimes is through critical hits, as it bypasses their defenses and effectively serves as a OHKO. Magic does 0 damage to metal slimes (sorry Veronica), so we'll be focusing on physical skills. multihit skills - random chance to do 1 damage to metal slimes (like attacking).Skills that bypass accuracy - 1-2 damage.Skills that grant 'metal effective' status - 1-2 damage.Critical Hits - bypasses their high defense.Liquid Metal Weapons - 1-2 damage per hit.Attack - random chance to do 1 damage to metal slimes (low chance).The main ways to deal damage to metal slimes are: You can also combine this with Luminary+ Erick + Jade's pep power, Hallelujah (ideally casted before Electrolight), which will double all gold, exp, and rarity drops from the encounter. Once you have the Luminary, Sylvando, and Jade, you can (almost) guarantee metal slime encounters using their combined pep power, Electrolight, which has a 75% chance of converting all monsters on the field to a metal slime type enemy scaled to your level and a 25% chance of converting into a machine type monster. As they are simply cute and infuriating exp pinatas who have the tendency to run away, it behooves you to try and take them out as fast as possible. Metal slime farming is a staple of the series, and veterans have learned of the unique methods needed to effectively farm them. Infinity Strash: Dragon Quest - The Adventure of Daiĭragon Quest: The Adventure of Dai – Tamashii no Kizuna ![]() JP/NA/PAL: (MS Store, PS4, Steam, Xbox One).This can be a name, user or link to the credited source.ĭo not join forces with the Dragonlord to rule half of the world. If you are posting a fanwork (art, fiction, game, music cover) be sure to credit the creator. These posts are often from spam bots (we get multiples each week) malicious bots also steal shirt designs to post on fly by night stores and Amazon. If your account is used primary for self-promotion, you are not welcome to post here.Ībsolutely no t-shirt/clothing/mask/poster/mug posts or comments. We consider it spam and follow these guidelines. Don't send your fellow fans away to Google or GameFAQs on an aimless quest. Racism and bigotry are bannable.īe helpful and answer questions that are asked. No personal attacks, no trolling, no baiting, no witch hunts and no posting personal information. ![]() This rule also applies to comments - don't drop spoilers in a non-spoiler post or that you know the user hasn't encountered yet (unless requested).īe respectful. You can mark it as spoiler using the options under the post. As some versions of Reddit auto-show non-spoiler posts, any text or image post with spoilers must be marked (like a flair) with spoiler. ![]() No major game spoilers in post titles for any reason. This includes modded game files in whole or in part. Do not help facilitate requests for pirated content. Rulesĭo not post links or requests for pirated content. A community dedicated to the Dragon Quest/Dragon Warrior series by Square-Enix. ![]()
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1/21/2024 0 Comments Hero realms release date![]() ![]() Standard is shipped using Australia Post eParcel Post and generally takes between 1 - 7 working days for most parts of Australia.Good Games offers two service levels of shipping Standard and Express. Good Games uses Australia Post for shipping of orders across Australia as they have the widest reach and offers our customers conveniences like Parcel Lockers, Parcel Collect, and mail redirection. Multiple expansions are available for Hero Realms that allow players to start as a particular character (Cleric, Wizard, Fighter, etc.), fight cooperatively against a Boss, fight Boss decks against one another, or compete in a campaign mode that has you gain experience to work through different levels of missions. When you reduce your opponent's score (called health) to zero, you win! You use combat to attack your opponent and their champions. These champions and actions can generate large amounts of gold, combat, or other powerful effects. As you play, you use gold to buy champion cards and action cards from the Market. An 80-card Market deck is shared by all players, with five cards being revealed from that deck to create the Market Row. When your deck runs out of cards, you shuffle your discard pile into your new deck. You start each turn with a new hand of five cards from your personal deck. The game includes basic rules for two-player games, along with rules for multiplayer formats such as Free-For-All, Hunter, and Hydra.Įach player starts the game with a ten-card personal deck containing gold (for buying) and weapons (for combat). Hero Realms is a fantasy-themed deck-building game that is an adaptation of the award-winning Star Realms game. The game includes basic rules for two-player games, along with rules for multiplayer formats such as Free-For-All, Hunter, and Hydra. ![]() 1/21/2024 0 Comments Judge judy episodes youtube 2016![]() He barely swears anymore and only acts more like a troublesome child. Over time, he has matured and does not annoy Mario and Rosalina as much as he used to. Jeffy started off as a mentally disabled stereotype, before changing into a stupid and misbehaved person who swears like a sailor, explodes in anger at any slight against him, and knows a lot about perverted acts for someone his age. Mario confronting Jeffy for his lack of niceness in Jeffy's Switcheroo!. "Jeffy, you know what? You're so hard to raise! You don't listen, you argue and you break stuff!" ![]() His face is oval shaped with two teeth and around the nose, along with two eyelashes and a unibrow. His biological appearance seems to be mixed between his parents, with his blue eyes inherited from his mother and his dark brown hair inherited from his father. He wears short dark blue jeans with a Pamper diaper (which, according to Jeffy himself, is on the outside so it doesn't get dirty), which he occasionally spanks. Jeffy thought it was his actual name to the point of losing 100,000,000 dollars because of it. Apparently, when a different word is written on it, he thinks his name is that word as seen in Jeffy’s shirt when Junior wrote “poopy butt” on it. He wears a blue bicycle helmet (with brown messy hair under it), usually has a pencil shoved up his nose, has blue crossed eyes, along with a yellow T-shirt that reads "jeffy" on it which his mother wrote so he would not forget his name. Jeffy is somewhat different than the average young adult, with a tall and slim posture. Guy told him that his boss was dying because he hadn't eaten a donut, but he didn't care, and he just replied by saying he was bored. He is also shown to be heartless, as shown in " Jeffy the Doughnut King!", where Brooklyn T. But despite this, Jeffy still loves his family. After Nancy's arrest, Mario chose to officially adopt Jeffy as his son and the two now begin to bond every day.Īs of today, he is still Mario’s now adopted son and spends his days misbehaving and torturing the latter, playing with Junior and his friends and continuing to cause havoc and destruction.Įver since during 2020, Jeffy has begun to suddenly become smart and helpful on rare occasions such as the time when he became a detective to help Mario getting out of jail and the time when he watch a scary movie with Mario, and Mario keep lying about the strawman movie while Jeffy proves he is lying. Jeffy lived with Mario and his family in the apartment (Causing havoc around the house, especially towards Mario), although the latter hated him before being evicted from the apartment and having to relocate to the new house.Īfter his wealthy father faked committing suicide and willed his money to Jeffy, Nancy returned to reclaim Jeffy in order to receive Jacques' money when Jeffy turns 18, but was arrested and incarcerated for child abuse, prostitution, and several other crimes. Her death was the reason why Jeffy always wears his helmet wherever he goes.Īfter Nancy had enough of his antics, Jeffy was dropped off at Mario and Bowser's apartment lot. He formerly had a 2020 Chevrolet Corvette C8 and a 2001 Buick LeSabre aka Jeffy's spray-painted car.īorn in Paris, Jeffy moved to Florida in 2005 with Feebee, his twin sister, who was later killed in a bike accident in 2015 as Nancy took her helmet to use as an ashtray. He also drives a 2007 Chrysler PT Cruiser convertible aka the PP Cruiser. Jeffy has gone to different places with his mom before abandonment. Jeffy has been raised in poverty due to his father abandoning Jeffy alongside his mom and sister. ![]() This was seen in " Jeffy Breaks His Leg!". He also lost his toes through an unknown incident. He never attended school due to his mom's irresponsibility and his father forgetting about him. ![]() Jeffy was born on August 21, 2004, and grew up in the deprived environment of the suburbs with his mom. Jeffrica ( Junior in Jeffy Gets Stream Sniped!) Jefferoni and Cheese (Himself in " Jeffy The Pirate!" and " Judge Jeffy!")Ĭaptain Jeff Sparrow (Himself in "Jeffy The Pirate!") Jeffy Paul YouTube username (formerly Jeffy) R****d ( Bully, Judy, Ya Boy Duggie and Marvin) Kid ( Santa Claus, Hansel, Screwball and Brooklyn T. Vladimir (with Russian serial killer brain) Stupid ass Dumbass Idiot ass ass Uber Driver ( Brooklyn T. Motherfucking Goddamn Asshole Bitch ( Tyrone) Jeffina ( Junior in " Jeffy and Junior's Big Heist!") ![]() 1/21/2024 0 Comments Groupon medieval times scottsdale![]() ![]() Tickets are available for purchase at the Castle.This allows you to guarantee you will have seats during your preferred show time and take advantage of any promotions available. The best way to buy tickets for Medieval Times is online in advance.You are going to want to get to the castle as early as possible to take advantage of all Medieval Times has to offer. This Mom’s 10 Tips for a Medieval Times Dinner with Kids Tips for Before The Medieval Times DinnerĪt Medieval Times the experience begins BEFORE the show starts with plenty to do before hand. We have put together some tips and information from our latest trip to Medieval Times to help you plan for your own visit. We have been to Medieval Times Dinner & Tournament a few times over the years and each time is a brand new adventure. This offer is not eligible for promo codes.Are you looking for a unique day trip with the family? Is anyone in your family a fan of action packed battles full of twists and turned? If so, then Medieval Times is the place for you. Inquiries placed to Viator will be directed back to Groupon. Please contact Groupon customer service for all inquiries related to this offer. Groupon is not affiliated with or sponsored by the Medieval Times Anaheim in connection with this deal. The tour identified in this promotion is made available through Viator. You can present either a paper or an electronic voucher for this activity. Utensils: eating utensils were not used in the 11th century and we take you back to that time!.Entry/Admission - Medieval Times Buena Park.Medieval Gift Shop including real medieval armor and weaponry.Alcoholic beverages available for purchase.Beautiful horses performing classical dressage and a live flight of the falcon.6 competing knights, real Medieval weapons, beautiful horses.Dinner - 4 course feast and select beverages (Vegetarian meals and special allergy accommodations available).We've created an extensive reopening plan with direction from health experts and government officials to ensure we exceed standards and your expectations.Contactless payments for gratuities and add-ons.Temperature checks for travelers upon arrival.Social distancing enforced throughout experience.Hand sanitizer available to travelers and staff.Face masks required for guides in public areas.Face masks required for travelers in public areas.Medieval Times uses stroboscopic and pyrotechnic effects.Persons with respiratory conditions, allergies, or asthma attend at their own risk. Medieval Times is a live horse show in an enclosed area.Transportation is wheelchair accessible.Vegetarian option is available, please advise at time of booking if required.If you would like your infant to be seated and receive a meal, you must purchase a child ticket Infants aged 3 years and under are free of charge, however they must be seated on an adults lap and will not receive a meal.Confirmation will be received at time of booking.A full-service bar is also available for adult guests. Also available are delectable vegetarian, Kosher and Halal options. The castle’s serfs and wenches will serve a delicious “hands-on” medieval-style four-course meal that includes garlic bread, tomato bisque soup, oven roasted chicken, herb-basted potato, corn cobbette, pastry of the castle, coffee and non-alcoholic beverages. With so much excitement, you’ll build up an appetite. Seated in the castle’s climate controlled Grand Ceremonial Arena, where after being given colored crowns, they cheer for one of six knights (donning matching colored tunics) who chivalrously vie for the honor of Queen’s Champion. Marvel at awe-inspiring horsemanship and falconry. Witness an amazing show that presents a rousing live jousting tournament and classic sword fights. Visit: Medieval Times Buena Park, 7662 Beach Blvd, Buena Park, CA 90620-1838 ![]() 1/21/2024 0 Comments Devils backbone beer in texas![]() One might say the spark for the idea behind the brewery happened about 20-years ago in Cortina, Italy. We are dog friendly - dogs must be on a leash and stay in our designated pet area in the Meadows. Featuring a beautiful pale-golden color, this ale’s spicy hops and Belgian yeast work together to create a distinctive flavor and aroma. We are not affiliated, associated, authorized, endorsed by, or in any way officially connected with Real Ale Brewing Co. Specialties: We pour fresh craft beer from our 16 taps and our pub menu specializes in oak wood -fired smoked dishes and local fare. Named for a winding stretch of Hill Country highway, Devil’s Backbone is a Belgian-style tripel. Discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur. This means that there may be some slight variances in weight, color, etc.įor external use only. Please Note: All of our soaps are handmade and hand cut. ![]() Soap Contains: Olive Oil, Coconut Oil, Sustainably Grown Palm Oil, Distilled Water, Castor Seed Oil, Sweet Almond Oil, Sodium Hydroxide, Mica, Salt, Fragrance Oil, Devil's Backbone Beer from Real Ale Brewing Co., Activated Charcoal Be careful where you turn…you may end up on Purgatory Road. 35.00 OG (PLATO) 18.00 FOOD PAIRINGS Black pepper chvre Vietnamese cuisine AVAILABILITY Year Round Draught Bottles/Cans Recommended Beers A well-balanced ale with flavors of chocolate & toffee. Real Ale Brewing Co Beer, Devils Backbone, Belgian Style Tripel - 19.2 fl oz. We started as a Tap Room to show off the amazing work our production brewery was producing and we received so much love from the Rockbridge community we expanded our operation into a Tap Room & Kitchen. Made with Devil’s Backbone beer and smelling like Sweet Clover with a twist, this soap is made to look like a Texas sunset, with hints of the darker, reportedly haunted side of the Devil’s Backbone. 970 N Coit Rd Ste 3090, Richardson TX, 75080. Outpost Tap Room & Kitchen located just off Lee Highway between exits 195 and 191 off interstate 81 in Lexington, VA. When we spotted a bottle of Devil’s Backbone from Real Ale Brewing Company, we immediately adored how the beer was light and delicious, but still had a bit of a dark side. I am extremely pleased to announce the partnership of Devils Backbone Brewing. This is the first brewery purchase by AB InBev this year, after going on a buying streak late last year. There is something absolutely magical about the wind blowing in your hair, the smell of wildflowers and clover, and the sun painting a gorgeous sunset over the rugged terrain. Anheuser Busch has acquired Nelson County, Virgnia based Devil’s Backbone Brewing Company today, for an undisclosed amount. ![]() It’s no secret that the Devil’s Backbone is one of our favorite drives in Texas. ![]() Fragrance Description: Sweet Clover, notes of Pear, Honey, Ylang Ylang, Vanilla, Musk ![]() 1/21/2024 0 Comments Make my family tree![]() ![]() A horizontal line connects people from the same generation, while a vertical line connects parents to children. The lines on a family tree indicate the different types of relationships. Typically, the father is placed on the left and the mother on the right, but it doesn’t really matter, as long as the order is consistent throughout the tree. Next, add your parents’ names and details above yours. You might like to add a birth date and place as well. When you’re ready to start drawing your tree, start with yourself: write your name towards the bottom of the page, leaving room to add your own kids and grandkids if you have them. This will give you an idea of how big the tree will need to be and how to map it out. How to draw a family treeīefore you begin sketching out the tree, it’s a good idea to write down the names of the people you wish to include in the tree. In this article, we’ll discuss creating a family tree for genealogical research purposes. Try it now!įamily trees can take many different forms, and how you choose to make one depends on your goals. MyHeritage makes it a breeze to start building a family tree. As you explore and enrich your knowledge about your family’s past, the family tree becomes the backbone of your research, enabling you to plot out and understand the relationships between your relatives. Making a family tree is the first, foundational step on the journey to discover your family history. ![]() 1/21/2024 0 Comments Mac os track applications![]() ![]() This solution adds scheduling to the mix, enabling you to plan your work week and identify whether you’ve over-committed based on your usual working habits. It integrates with your calendar so you can also track meeting time. It’s also worth exploring the tool for the deep insights it provides in its nicely designed reporting system it can show you what you worked on when – and may even make useful suggestions. That makes it very valuable for people on a deadline or those who need to focus on what they are doing rather than on the time management tool itself. Timing will record your time automatically and then let you assign it to the relevant project. Why include it? Because it delivers a user experience that’s designed to help you focus on your work, rather than on the app. Timing makes it into this collection because it offers a capable Web app you can access on your iPhone, along with APIs to build its tools into third-party billing systems. ![]() It’s available for every desktop and mobile platform and on the web.Īdvanced (fee-based) options are available, including things like targets and reminder tools, time sheet locking, single sign-on and other useful features. Reports are clear, well-designed and can be exported in PDF, CSV and Excel formats. What do you get? A clean user interface with built-in time, report, project, client and team management tools – including team invites and oversight to help track who did what. Clockify supports unlimited users and already sees wide use at companies including Cisco, Atlassian and IBM. This free time-tracking tool has been developed with teams in mind. And it's ideally suited to enterprises seeking team management tools. That’s because it gives managers a really good top/down tool with which to track budgets, time use and assessments of project completion. ![]() It’s a really simple solution to use on every platform it supports (and can be integrated into a range of third-party tools). That’s where you’ll find invoicing and expense management tools and comprehensive reporting features. The application’s best features require that you access it via the web interface. Setting up new clients and projects is simple – you can do so in a few seconds from the Mac desktop, if you want. HarvestĪvailable via the web and as an app, the Harvest time tracker lets you assign time to projects and clients on Mac, iOS and other platforms. Toggl integrates with Freshbooks, Asana, Basecamp, Teamweek and Github. Subscribers can also export in Excel and they get useful features such as time audits. If used on an iOS device, the app lets you start tracking time before you choose who to assign it to, meaning you can start the project before you have to decide who it's assigned to.įinally, Toggl also lets you export time sheets in CSV and PDF formats on the free plan. Track time, assign time, add new clients, sing the app on either a desktop Mac or on the go with iOS. Setting up new tasks and projects is easy. The beauty of the platform (which also boasts a robust web service) is that you can start a timer on one device and finish it on another, which matches most people’s working habits. Toggl (try writing it with the spell check on) offers native apps for both Mac and iOS. You can use it as a free app (fine for small freelancers) or choose a subscription-based version (from $9/month) for even more features. More information about what Zoho offers broadly is available online. Some features are limited to subscribers only. Projects is free for up to three users on two projects with a sliding scale of per-user subscriptions available. Zoho Projects is the company's time tracking tool. This lets you track time, assign it to individual projects, create workflows and it integrates with the company’s own suite of apps, along with Slack, Google and a range of third-party enterprise solutions providers. It’s usually worth taking a look at Zoho whenever you are searching for business-related software, as the industrious developer has a swathe of tools for most tasks. These are the time-tracking apps that make the current cut: Zoho Projects I stand to be corrected if I left out your favorite. Here, I’ve tried to only include cross-platform, app-based time tracking options with at least a Mac client. Those parameters limit the field somewhat – and mean some popular solutions might not make the list. There are also time-tracking solutions that integrate with other business systems, such as project/team management tools – enabling managers to achieve oversight of project completion and time-based costs. ![]() 1/21/2024 0 Comments Sequencher trial![]() We compared an optimised version of Staden against Sequencher for variant detection over a 2.5kb region of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene in 969 healthy controls. Staden and Mutation Surveyor correctly identified 76/77 (98.7%) SNPs and 96.7% and 99.3% of the genotypes respectively (Chapter 5). We evaluated the sequence analysis packages Sequencher, InSNP, Mutation Surveyor and Staden to identify variants in patients with CRAs (using >4,000 chromatograms). We applied this software to investigate whether rare inherited variants in genes that play a role in oxidative DNA damage repair (OxDR) predispose to colorectal adenomas (CRA) and found that unlike MUTYH, inherited variants in other OxDR genes are unlikely to be a frequent cause of CRA (Chapter 4). 3,747 dHPLC profiles were analysed with this software and 98.3% of products with profiles distinct from wild type harboured novel variants (Chapter 3). We evaluated the utility of the Transgenomic NavigatorTM software to facilitate automated detection of aberrant denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (dHPLC) elution profiles. Here, we investigated high throughput in silico and in vitro methods for identifying SNPs and applied these to large scale genomic projects. ![]() Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) are used as markers in association studies and may contribute directly to inherited disease. ![]() 1/21/2024 0 Comments Most recent volcano eruption 2017![]() ![]() In 1924, the volcano produced more than 50 explosions like Thursday’s over more than two weeks, leading to one fatality. Kilauea has been erupting continuously since 1983. Each fringe (i.e., the repetition of a color) represents a 10-cm range change. Etna as it spews lava during an eruption on February 28, 2017. of the 10,902-foot-high volcano to see the most spectacular. The last caldera-forming eruption took place over 640,000 years ago, while the most recent volcanic activity came in the form of rhyolitic lava flows around 70,000 years ago. “It would be anybody’s guess why it changed behavior in the last few weeks as it dramatically did,” said volcanologist Erik Klemetti of Denison University in Ohio. (A) Uplift from February 12, 2004, to January 27, 2005. While recent eruptions have rarely caused serious damage. Eruptions in 1963 and in 1843 had a volcanic explosivity index of five, on a scale of zero to eight, says Heather Handley, a volcanologist at Macquarie University in Sydney, Australia. A stop date with '(continuing)' indicates that the eruption was considered to be ongoing as of the date indicated. The explosion followed days of pressure buildup as lava flowed out of fissures near the volcano.Įxperts said they couldn’t be sure how long the eruption would last - it could be as long as weeks. The 3000-meter volcano, the highest peak on Bali, has erupted repeatedly throughout geologic history. There were 74 confirmed eruptions at some point during 2017 from 71 different volcanoes 33 of those were new eruptions that started during the year. Scientists say the eruption could last for weeks The Federal Aviation Administration also extended aircraft restrictions around the mountain’s summit, but the Big Island’s two largest airports were not affected, the Associated Press reports. The National Weather Service issued an ash advisory, and several schools were closed due to elevated levels of sulfur dioxide, which can increase the risk of bronchitis and respiratory infections.įree masks were being provided Thursday for those within the impacted area to help filter the ash, but the Hawaii government’s website says that masks should be limited to one per family to ensure universal access. The Mount Agung volcano in the Popular tourist island Bali in Indonesia erupted. Some updates on current volcanic activity worldwide: On April 13, Pos in Costa Rica had its largest explosive. The Bali volcano eruption on Monday caused more than 700 people to evacuate. Of these eruptions, at least 27 were rhyolite lava flows in the caldera, 13 were rhyolite lava flows outside the caldera, and 40 were basalt vents outside the caldera. The USGS says activity near the Kilauea volcano can become more explosive at any time, including intensifying ash production and sending out ballistic projectiles near the vent. Mount Etna spews lava during an eruption on April 11, 2017. Since the most recent giant (caldera-forming) eruption 631,000 years ago, approximately 80 relatively nonexplosive eruptions have occurred. ![]() ![]() The scientists hope to use this first observatory as a proof of concept and test-bed for a similar observatory to be located in deeper water. Proximity sensors on the top of the profiling platform will send and receive acoustic signals to prevent it from contacting the ice. Instruments, including current meters, plankton imaging systems, and an under ice video observation system, will travel up and down through the water column throughout the day from the observatory’s base to just below the surface, even after the pack ice forms and covers the area. It will be installed in the Austral fall of 2006 about two nautical miles to the south of Palmer Station on the ocean bottom at a depth of approximately 130 meters (425 feet), connected by a fiber-optic and electrical cable to a newly constructed building at Palmer Station. The Polar Remote Interactive Marine Observatory (PRIMO) will be equipped with sensors to monitor ocean properties during an entire year. Gallager, Asper and their team went to survey the sea floor around Palmer Station to locate possible sites for the installation of the first underwater cabled observatory in Antarctica. In light of the new information, the Gould and the Palmer are now using modified access routes into Palmer Station to give a wider berth to the newly imaged rock hazards. Palmer, operated by the National Science Foundation for the Antarctic research community. Most researchers travel to the station from Punta Arenas, Chile across the Drake Passage aboard the research vessels Laurence M. In 1990 Palmer Station was designated by the National Science Foundation as a long term ecological research (LTER) site. Palmer, who in 1820 was one of the first to see Antarctica, the station was built in 1968 to replace the prefabricated wood huts of ‘Old Palmer’ station, established in 1965. research stations on the continent and the only station north of the Antarctic Circle. ![]() Palmer Station is at 64☄6′ S, 64☀3′ W, on protected Arthur Harbor on the southwestern coast of Anvers Island, about midway down the Antarctica Peninsula. ![]() Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation’s Office of Polar Programs. “When you think of all the ship traffic that has passed through the area through the years and the often hostile weather conditions, you realize how skillful and lucky they have been.” Gallager and co-principal investigator Vernon Asper of the University of Southern Mississippi conducted the survey with WHOI engineers Keith von der Heydt and Gregory Packard. “We were astounded to find these rocks so close to the surface and the shipping lanes,” said Scott Gallager, an associate scientist in the Biology Department of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. They then note their routes on charts and follow the same routes when entering and departing the area. In typical marine navigation in poorly charted waters, ships new to the area proceed cautiously, making continuous soundings with their bridge fathometer. Since Palmer Station was first established as a scientific outpost in 1965, ships have followed a particular route through the visible rocks. Although some underwater hazards were marked on the earlier chart, the old chart was found to be incorrect by at least 0.5 nautical miles (just under one mile). The previous nautical chart of the area was produced in the mid 1900’s by single soundings taken at very wide spacing. Some rise nearly 100 meters (about 330 feet) to a depth of six meters (about 20 feet) below the surface and near to the routes generally taken by ships through the area. Their findings revealed a number of previously unmapped submerged rocks, among them a set of sharp rocky pinnacles that are potential navigational hazards. The new chart, the first in 50 years, was made by a research team from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) and the University of Southern Mississippi over five weeks in April and early May as they looked for sites for a new underwater observatory. ![]() Using inflatable boats, a portable depth sounder with GPS, and a REMUS autonomous underwater vehicle, a team of scientists and engineers has created the first detailed, comprehensive chart of the ocean floor around Palmer Station in Antarctica, revealing previously unknown submerged rocks. ![]() |
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